YORYM 1993.1 - NORTH STREET, YORK  

Ceramic Building Materials

S Garside-Neville

INTRODUCTION

The material has been recorded by fabric, form, weight and dimensions.   A sample of representative and unusual material has been kept, with plain fragments being discarded. 

ROMAN MATERIAL

Roman material included roofing tile such as imbrex and tegula. Also present were brick, and some examples of box flue - incised, combed and smoothed.  There is a possible fragment of vaulting tube from [1195], and a possible tessera from [1222].  Other material included samples of oolitic limestone, sandstone, opus signinum, and daub.

MEDIEVAL MATERIAL

The sample is very strong on flanged and curved tile, which is the early medieval roof tile system, dating to the 12th century. The full range of 13th century, and later, medieval tile is present.  The nib tiles have two nibs, normally on the sanded side of the tile, though there is one example of a nib on the smoothed side.  The peg tiles display the usual square peg hole, placed centrally, close to the top of the tile.  There is one example of a nib tile, with a small peg hole below one of the two nibs.  As usual, there are a lot of fragments that cannot be identified as either Peg or Nib, so can only be called 'Plain' tile.  Of note is an identifiable 'hip' tile from [1114].  Also,  there is a group of possible Roof Furniture comprising two types: there are thick sherds with thumb impressed applied strips, which can be glazed or plain, and there are also fragments that may be ventilator ridge tiles, these too are glazed.   The fabrics of the tiles mostly match with existing samples (with the fabrics of early medieval roof tile appearing to match those of later material), but one new fabric was noted.

 

RESEARCH POTENTIAL

The records of the material are currently on paper only, and require inputting onto computer to facilitate analysis of the data.

As the site is closely stratified there will some advantage in comparing the material's fabric and form with the dating from other sources (eg. pottery).  This would help gain an insight to the dating of certain forms and fabrics in the medieval ceramic building materials of York.

The site yielded several fragments of unusual medieval roof furniture.  This requires further research to ascertain its complete form and dating.

It is recommended that further research is carried out on this assemblage. 

SPOT DATES/SUMMARY OF FORMS PRESENT

CONTEXT   FORM                                  DATE

1002      Plain, Brick                          med/post med

1004      Nib, Plain                            13th+

1005      Peg                                   "

1011      Plain, Peg                            "

1013      Plain                                 "

1015      Plain                                 "

1018      Plain                                 "

1021      Plain, Peg                            "

1023      Plain                                 "

1024      ?Floor, Plain                         ?13th+

1026      Plain                                 13th+

1027      Plain                                 "

1028      Nib, Plain, Peg                       "

1029      Flanged, Plain, Peg                   "

1031      Plain                                 "

1036      Plain                                 "

1037      Plain                                 "

1038      Ridge                                 ?13th+

1039      Plain, Peg                            13th+

1040      Plain                                 "

1041      Plain, Peg                            "

1043      Plain, Peg                            "

1044      Plain, Peg                            "

1045      Plain                                 "

1048      Plain, Curved, Peg, Brick, Roof           

              Furniture                         14th+

1049      Plain, Ridge, Flanged                 13th+

1051      Plain                                 "

1053      Plain, Peg, Nib                       "

1054      Plain, Nib                            "

1056      Plain, Peg                            "

1059      Plain, Nib, Peg                       "

1060      Plain, Peg                            "

1063      Plain                                 "

1064      Plain, Nib, Roof Furniture            "

1066      Plain                                 "

1067      Plain                                 "

1069      Nib                                   "

1070      Plain, Peg                            "

1073      Peg                                   "

1085      Nib & Peg, Peg, Ridge, Plain          "

1086      Plain                                 "

1090      Plain, Peg, Flange, Nib, Ridge, Roof      

              Furniture                         "

1091      Plain                                 "

1092      Plain                                 "

1093      Ridge                                 "

1100      Plain, Limestone                      "

1102      Plain, Peg, Ridge                     "

1103      Plain, Ridge, Nib, Curved/Ridge, Flanged

              Roof Furniture                    "

1104      Plain, Roof Furniture                 "

1106      Plain, Ridge, Nib, Peg, Roof Furniture  "

1110      Plain                                 "

1113      Plain, Ridge, Nib, Flanged, Peg, Roof

              Furniture                     "

1114      Hip, Ridge                            "

1115      Plain                                 "

1117      Ridge                                 "

1118      Plain, Nib, Ridge, Peg, Roof Furniture  "

1120      Plain, Nib, Roof Furniture            "

1121      Plain                                 "

1122      Plain, Flanged, Nib, Roof Furniture   "

1123      Plain                                 "

1127      Plain, Flanged, Nib, Ridge, Roman brick,

          Ridge, Peg                            "

1128      Plain, Nib, Flanged, Ridge            "

1129      Plain, Ridge                          ?13th+

1130      Flanged. Curved/Ridge, Roman brick    ?12th

1131      Plain, Flanged, ?Hip, Ridge, Nib, Peg  

              Curved/Ridge, Roof Furniture      13th+

1132      Plain, Peg, Nib, Ridge                "

1133      Plain                                 "

1134      Plain, Peg, Tegula                    13th+

1136      Flanged, Curved, Imbrex, Tegula       12th

1137      Curved                                12th

1138      Curved/Ridge                          ?12th

1139      Flanged, Curved/Ridge                 12th

1140      Plain, Flanged, Curved, Roof Furniture  ?13th+

1141      Plain, ?Peg, Curved/Ridge             ?13th+

1142      Plain, Peg                            13th+

1145      Plain, Flanged, Curved/Ridge, Imbrex  ?13th+

1146      Plain, ?Flanged                       ?13th+

1148      Curved, Flanged                       12th

1150      Curved/Ridge, Tegula                  ?12th

1152      Flanged                               12th

1153      Plain, Ridge, Flanged, Roman brick,

              Tegula                            ?12th

1154      Plain, Curved/Ridge, Imbrex, Flanged  ?12th

1155      Curved/Ridge                          ?12th

1156      Flanged                               12th

1161      Flanged, Roof Furniture               ?12th

1162      Plain, Box flue                       13th+

1163      Plain, Roof Furniture                 13th+

1164      Plain, Roman brick                    ?13th+

1165      Plain, Box flue, Tegula, Flanged,

              Roman brick, Curved, Imbrex       ?12th

1171      Curved/Ridge                          ?12th

1173      Plain, Peg                            13th+

1174      Plain, Flanged, Curved/Ridge, Tegula,  

              Imbrex                            ?12th

1178      Curved, Flanged                       12th

1179      Flanged                               12th

1180      Curved/Ridge, Flanged, Tegula, Op Sig 12th

1182      Curved, Flanged, Roman brick          12th

1185      Roman brick                           Roman

1188      Box flue (combed)                     ?2nd century+

1189      Tegula                                "

1191      Tegula                                "

1195      Curved, ?Flanged, Roman brick, Daub,


              Tegula, Imbrex, ?Vaulting Tube    12th+

1197      Roman brick                           Roman

1222      Daub, Sandstone, Tessera, Box flue,

              Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula       Roman

1224      Plain                                 ?12th

1240      Tegula                                Roman

1262      Roman brick                           "

1272      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula, Daub     "

1273      Roman brick, Tegula                   "

1274      Roman brick, Box flue (combed), Tegula,


              Imbrex                            ?2nd century+

1277      Imbrex, Tegula                        Roman

1279      Tegula                                "

1281      Box flue, Roman brick, Daub           "

1282      Roman brick, Stone                    "

1283      Roman brick, Box flue (combed),


              Limestone, Sandstone, Tegula      ?2ndcentury+

1286      Roman brick, Limestone, Box flue

(combed & incised), Imbrex,

              Tegula                            ?2nd century+

1287      Roman brick, Sandstone, Daub, Tegula,

              Imbrex                            Roman    

1289      Roman brick                           "

1291      Roman brick, Imbrex                   "

1293      Roman brick, Tegula                   "

1295      Roman brick, Tegula                   "

1297      Roman brick                           Roman

1308      Roman brick                           "

1313      Roman brick                           "

1368      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula           "

1384      Tegula                                "

1385      Roman brick                           "

1386      Roman brick, Tegula                   "

1388      Roman brick, Stone, Tegula, Imbrex    "

1389      Tegula                                "

1390      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula, Limestone  "

1411      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula           "

1413      Roman brick, Tegula, Imbrex, Stone    "

1415      Roman brick                           "

1417      Tegula                                "

1419      Roman brick, Imbrex                   "

1424      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula           "

1427      Roman brick, Imbrex                   "

1429      Roman brick, Imbrex, Box flue (combed)

              Tegula                            ?2nd century+

1431      Tegula                                Roman

1432      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula, Daub     "

1433      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula, ?Imbrex  "

1437      Roman brick, ?Box flue, Tegula        "

1438      Roman brick, Tegula, Imbrex, Limestone  "

1440      Roman brick, Tegula, Imbrex, Box flue

              (smoothed)                        "

1441      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula, Daub,

              Limestone                         "

1442      Roman brick                           "

1443      Imbrex, Tegula                        "

1444      Roman brick, Imbrex                   "

1445      Roman brick, Tegula, Daub             "

1449      Roman brick, Tegula, Imbrex, Daub     "

1450      Roman brick, Imbrex, Tegula           "

1453      Roman brick                           "

1455      Roman brick, Tegula                   "

1460      Roman brick, Tegula, Imbrex, Box flue

              (combed)                          ?2nd century+

1461      Roman brick, Tegula                   Roman