KINCM
1994.294 & WRB 91 - BROUGH ON HUMBER, EAST YORKSHIRE
S
Garside-Neville
Methodology
The material from
both excavations has been fully recorded, using a proforma, and assembling a
fabric sample. Each fragment has been
individually weighed and measured, and then matched to a fabric sample. If the piece was significant in any way it
was retained, if not it has been discarded, or recommended for disposal. Where a tegula flange or a signature is
complete, or near complete, it has been drawn.
Roman material
The majority of the
ceramic building material is Roman, including imbrex, tegula, brick and combed
box flue. The box flue was part of a
hypocaust system, and the fragments are combed, which may date from the late 1st
century to the early 2nd century, based on data from elsewhere in the
country. There is one example of a
signature on a tegula. The exact
significance of signatures is unknown, but it is thought that it may be the
mark of the individual maker, or show how many tiles have been made in a
certain period.
Material from the
WRB 91 excavation was identified as tile, however, on examination this was
found to be an unconvincing conclusion.
The material is too badly fired to be used as tile and exposed to the
elements. There was no diagnostic piece
to identify any form, although there was some curve to the pieces. This suggests pottery, rather than tile. The size of the pot would have been massive,
and the presence of mortar on some sherds hints that it may have been reused as
a filler in a wall, and it was definitely used as a path surface at a later
date.
There is a quantity
of daub, which is mostly associated with Roman contexts.
Medieval
material
Several pieces of
plain roof tile are present in the sample.
There are no examples of how the tile was hung (either nib or peg).
Post medieval
material
Post medieval
material consists of pantile, brick, paving, land drain and sewer pipe.
Discussion
Much of the Roman
ceramic building material comes from 3rd and early 4th century dumps along the
Roman road, which may have been a rubbish tip.
A few pieces are present in 2nd century contexts (1050 & 1068). Much of the material is abraded, and it may
have been reused in that mortar is sometimes present along broken edges. It is unlikely that the buildings on this
site were roofed during the Roman period
Recommendations
It is a small
sample, however, it can contribute to the study of the local ceramic building
materials industry. It can be compared
to other material from Brough which may bring about the formation of a
chronology for the brick and tile in the area (both medieval and Roman). Full publication is not recommended as the
sample is so small. However, the
archive should be completed and deposited with the rest of the excavation
records.
WRB91 - listing
Context Form Date
1 Field drain Post
med
2 Roman Brick/brick Med/Post
med
5 Brick Post
med
9 Brick Med/Post
med
10 Roman
brick/tegula/imbrex/daub oman
12 Field drain Post
med
14 Roman brick Roman
18 Brick/Pantile/Plain roof
tile 7th+
19 Brick ?
71 Tegula/daub Roman
71/150 Daub Roman
72 Roman brick/daub Roman
74 Roman brick/tegula Roman
75 Brick Med/Post
med
77 Roman brick/brick Med/Post
med
84 Roman brick/tegula/daub Roman
94 Roman brick/tegula Roman
128/132 Roman brick/daub Roman
150 Roman brick/daub Roman
161 Roman brick Roman
175 ?Brick Roman/med
182 Daub ?Roman
194 Daub ?Roman
215 Daub ?Roman
BROUGH ON HUMBER
- KINCM 1994.294
Context Form Date
1000 Pantile/plain
roofing/paver/brick 17th+
1001 Pipe/brick/tegula/imbrex/Roman
brick 19th+
1006 Roman brick Roman
1008 Roman brick/tegula Roman
1019 Tegula/flue tile/imbrex/plain
roofing Med
1021 Tegula Roman
1022 Imbrex/tegula Roman
1028 Roman brick/combed box flue l1st/e2nd+
1034 Roman brick Roman
1035 Brick Med/Post
med
1038 Roman brick/imbrex Roman
1050 Roman brick Roman
1055 Brick ?Roman
1061 Roman brick Roman
1068 Imbrex Roman
1098 Tegula/plain roofing Med
1121 Roman brick/imbrex Roman
1137 Brick Med/Post
med
1143 Tegula Roman
1147 Roman brick Roman
1148 Roman brick/tegula/daub Roman
1187 Daub ?Roman
1194 Brick ?
1205 Daub ?
1200 Sewer pipe/brick Post
med
1390 Tegula Roman
2000 Roman brick/tegula/drain/sewer
pipe Post
med
2001 Roman brick/tegula/brick/pantile 17th+
2009 ?Imbrex/brick/pantile 17th+
2015 Roman brick/brick/pantile 17th+
2022 Tegula Roman
2026 ?Box flue Roman
2027 Tegula/paver 19th+
2032 Box flue Roman
2045 Tegula Roman
2060 Tegula/pantile 17th+
2064 Tegula Roman
2070 Brick 19th+
2080 Brick ?
2083 Roman brick Roman
4001 Tegula Roman
4002 Brick ?
5015 Roman brick/imbrex Roman
Fabric Samples
for Brough on Humber:
Number Period
and associated forms
BR1 Roman
BR2 Roman
BR3 Post medieval (Pantile)
BR4 Medieval - Post medieval
(Brick)
BR5 Post medieval (Pantile)
BR6 Roman
BR7 Post medieval (Paving)
BR8 Roman
BR9 Roman
BR10 ?Roman or later
BR11 Medieval (Plain roof tile)
BR12 Post medieval (?Pantile)
BR13 Roman
BR14 Roman
BR15 Medieval (Plain roof tile) ?same
as BR24
BR16 Roman
BR17 Roman
BR18 Medieval (Plain roofing tile)
BR19 Medieval - Post medieval (Brick)
BR20 Post medieval (Field/Land drain)
BR21 Post medieval (Field/Land drain)
BR22 Roman
BR23 Roman
BR24 ?Roman/?medieval (?same as BR15)
BR25 Medieval -Post medieval (brick)