YORYM 1995.506 – ST MARTIN WITH ST HELEN
CHURCHYARD, CONEY ST, YORK
CERAMIC BUILDING MATERIALS
S Garside-Neville
A small
amount of the sample is Roman in date, and includes examples of roof tile
(tegula and imbrex) and one fragment of box flue tile, which would have been
used in a Roman central heating system.
The
majority of the sample was medieval roof tile.
There were examples of early medieval forms (curved and flanged tiles)
which can be dated to between the 12th and early 13th century. However, the most common form was the plain,
flat roof tile, (which is used in conjunction with ridge tiles). This type of roof tile appears from the13th
century, and is used throughout the medieval and post medieval periods. There were no pieces that showed the method
of suspension (which can be a peg-hole, a raised clay nib, or a combination of
both), but experience shows that these fragments are likely to be part of peg
tiles. There are occurrences of a plain roof tile fabric which occurs from the
14th century onward. A few pieces have
mortar along a broken edge, which may be a sign of reuse.
Besides
roof tile, there are a few fragments of fired clay, which may be daub.
The presence
of early medieval roof tile hints at a building phase in the area related to
that date.
KEY:
Flanged =
12th-early 13th roof tile
Brick =
Will be either Medieval or Post medieval in date, unless otherwise indicated
Imbrex
= Curved Roman roof tile
Plain =
Flat roof tile, which could be peg or nib tile
Pot =
Sherds included in sample
Tegula =
flanged Roman roof tile
Ridge =
Tile used with Plain roof tile
Cnxt Form/s Date
11 Plain, ?Fired clay/Daub, ?Plain/Modern 13th+
13 Plain 14th+
16 Mortar/Plaster, Plain, Brick 14th+
20 Plain (reused), Ridge (vitrified),
?Tegula, Fired clay, Brick 14th+
23 Brick, Plain 14th+
26 Ridge, Plain (reused) 14th+
30 ?Pot, Plain 14th+
33 Plain 13th+
37 Plain, Oolithic limestone,
?Imbrex/Curved/Ridge (reused) 13th+
41 Plain (reused), sandstone, Plain 13th+
48 Plain, Peg, Oolithic limestone ?14th+
51 Plain, Pot 13th+
54 Plain, Imbrex 13th+
57 Flanged, Plain, Plain (reused), ?Brick/Floor
tile 13th+
59 Plain, ?Ridge/Curved, Imbrex 13th+
64 Plain 13th+
67 Plain, Roman brick 13th+
68 Plain, Brick (?reused), Plain (reused),
Roman box flue 13th+
6/96
SGN