Introduction

The ceramic building material (CBM) from this site has been fully recorded: it has been weighed, measured, fabric identified, form identified, and discarded where necessary. Any unusual, unidentifiable or diagnostic pieces have been retained. Fabric samples have been retained and refer only to this site. At a later date it may be possible to match the fabrics with any other recorded samples from archaeological investigations in Beverley.

Roman Material

There is a possible fragment of Roman ceramic building material (CBM) from context 1041. There is also a fragment from context 2004, which may be a tegula fragment. Another fragment is present in context 3009, which appears to have been reused, due to the mortar along a broken edge.

Medieval Material

There is one fragment of what appears to be flanged tile from context 1168. This type of tile is an imitation of the Roman tegula and imbrex roofing system, and is generally thought to date from the early 12th century, and went out of use by the early 13th.

Much of the medieval material from this sample is classified as plain roof tile, which are flat fragments which cannot be attributed to either peg, nib, or perhaps flanged, tile. However, it is likely that the bulk of this plain material comes from nib tiles. There are many fragments of nibs in the sample. There are several different shapes of nib, and ways of being made (ie. the nib can be applied, or pulled out from the main body of the tile, or may be present on the sanded or the smoothed face

of the tile). These differences may indicate different kilns, and to support this there are a range of different fabrics. Context 1054 contained fragments of plain roof tile that are overfired to the point of being wasters, there were also examples of dog pawprints on plain tile from this context. Some fragments, from contexts 1110 and 1130, have a glaze. There is one possible fragment of peg tile from 1110. Plain roof tiles

in Beverley have been found as early as 12th century contexts, though nib tiles may begin to appear a little later.

In context 1052 there is a fragment of a hip tile (sometimes called a bonnet tile). This would have been used to cover the corners of adjacent roof pitches. A probable ridge tile was present in context 1138, showing traces of glaze. Another unglazed ridge tile was present in context 1052.

The examples of brick, from context 2008, are between 40-48mm thick which probably indicates a medieval date. One fragment has a slight indent around the edge, which is another medieval trait.

Post Medieval Material

There is one fragment of brick from 1066 which has a very refined fabric and may be relatively modern.

Context Listing

Context Form Date

1041 ?Roman brick ?Roman

1046 Plain 13h+

1050 Nib, Plain 13th+

1052 Hip, Nib, Ridge, Plain, Pottery 13th+

1054 Plain, ?pottery, Plain wasters, Nib 13th+

1056 Plain 13th+

1057 Plain 13th+

1061 Plain 13th+

1062 Plain 13th+

1066 Nib, Brick, Pottery, Plain ?19th+

1067 Plain 13th+

1069 Plain, Pottery 13th+

1076 Plain 13th+

1087 Plain, Pottery 13th+

1110 Nib, Plain, Plain with glaze, ?Peg 13th+

1130 Daub, Plain with glaze Med

1138 Plain, ?Ridge, with glaze ?13th+

1156 Plain 13th+

1165 Daub ?Med

2008 Plain, Brick Med

2013 Plain 13th+

3006 Plain 13th+

3009 Plain, Roman brick 13th+

Guide to fabrics

Fabric No. Form/date

F1 Plain, Medieval